Share sale vs business asset sale – what’s the difference?

By Roland Leong, Accredited Specialist in Business Law at GLG Legal

When purchasing a business, there are two primary methods to consider: a business asset sale or a share sale. Each approach has distinct legal and commercial implications, and the choice between the two will depend on the specific circumstances and objectives of the parties involved. An experienced business lawyer will understand the difference.

In a business asset sale, the buyer is buying specific assets that are essential to the operation of the business. These include both tangible and intangible components such as plant and equipment, stock-in-trade, intellectual property and goodwill.

In a share sale, the buyer acquires the company’s shares, thereby gaining ownership and control of the company and its business. 

Taking a closer look

Business Asset Sale

A business asset sale involves the transfer of specific business assets and liabilities from the seller to the buyer. The buyer acquires only the assets and liabilities that are explicitly agreed upon in the sale agreement, while the seller retains ownership of the legal entity.

These assets often include:

• Equipment and machinery
• Inventory and stock
• Intellectual property (e.g., trademarks, patents, copyrights)
• Customer lists and business contracts
• Leases
• Business licences and permits
• Goodwill

One of the major advantages of a business asset sale is that the buyer takes only assets and liabilities which it agrees to and does not assume the risks and liabilities of the legal entity. 

Share Sale

A share sale involves the transfer of ownership of a company by purchasing its shares from the existing shareholders, thereby gaining ownership and control of the company and its assets. In this scenario, the buyer acquires the company as a whole, including all its assets, liabilities, and obligations.  

Advantages of a share sale: 

1. Continuity of Business: The company’s operations, contracts, and relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees remain intact. 
2. Simplified Asset Transfer: Since the company remains the same legal entity, there is generally no need to transfer individual assets or contracts. 

In a share sale, the buyer effectively steps into the shoes of the previous shareholders (and often directors) and inherits the company's liabilities and obligations which may include historical issues, potential claims, and regulatory or tax liabilities that may arise from the company's activities prior to the sale.

As such, share sales agreements can often be more challenging to navigate and involve complex negotiations.

To ensure that the buyer and seller is adequately protected, it is important the share sale contains the appropriate warranties and indemnities.

Which Option is Best? 

The decision between a business asset sale and a share sale depends on the specific circumstances, objectives, and risk appetite of the parties involved. 
Key factors to consider include: 

• The nature and value of the business assets. 
• The buyer’s willingness to assume liabilities. 
• The need for continuity in contracts, licences, and business operations. 
• The complexity of the transaction and the level of due diligence required. 

Both options carry significant legal and financial implications. It is essential for both buyers and sellers to carefully evaluate their goals and risks before proceeding.